Depression in Australian Veterans: Symptoms, Causes & Support
Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions affecting Australian veterans. The unique stresses of military service, the challenges of transition to civilian life, and experiences during service can all contribute to the development of depressive disorders.
This article explores depression in the veteran context — its prevalence, symptoms, how it relates to military service, and the pathways to diagnosis and treatment.
Key Statistic: An estimated 11.2% of transitioned ADF members have experienced depression, which is higher than rates in the general Australian population. (Source: Transition and Wellbeing Research Programme)
Understanding Depression
Depression is more than just feeling sad or going through a rough patch. It is a clinical condition that affects how you feel, think, and handle daily activities. Depression can persist for weeks, months, or longer if left untreated.
Common types of depressive disorders include:
- Major Depressive Disorder: Persistent low mood and loss of interest lasting at least two weeks
- Persistent Depressive Disorder: Chronic depression lasting two years or more
- Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood: Depression triggered by a significant life change or stressor
Depression Symptoms to Recognise
Depression can manifest differently in different people. Common symptoms include:
Emotional Symptoms
- Persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
- Irritability or frustration, even over small matters
Physical Symptoms
- Changes in sleep — insomnia or sleeping too much
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Fatigue and lack of energy
- Physical aches and pains with no clear cause
Cognitive Symptoms
- Difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
- Slowed thinking, speaking, or body movements
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Important: If you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide, please reach out for help. Call Open Arms on 1800 011 046 (available 24/7) or Lifeline on 13 11 14.
Why Are Veterans at Higher Risk?
Several factors can contribute to higher rates of depression among veterans:
- Trauma exposure: Experiences during service can have lasting psychological impacts
- Transition challenges: Leaving the military represents a major life change affecting identity, purpose, and social connections
- Physical injuries: Chronic pain and physical limitations can contribute to depression
- Relationship strain: Deployments and service demands can affect family relationships
- Co-occurring conditions: Depression often occurs alongside PTSD, anxiety, or substance use
Depression and PTSD: The Connection
Depression and PTSD frequently occur together. Research indicates that over half of veterans with PTSD also experience depression. The two conditions can interact, with each potentially worsening the other.
This is why comprehensive psychiatric assessment is important — it ensures all conditions are identified and can be addressed in treatment planning. Treating one condition while missing another often leads to poorer outcomes.
Treatment for Depression
Depression is highly treatable. Evidence-based approaches include:
Psychological Therapy
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Helps identify and change negative thought patterns
- Behavioural Activation: Focuses on increasing engagement in positive activities
- Interpersonal Therapy: Addresses relationship issues that may contribute to depression
Medication
Antidepressant medications, particularly SSRIs and SNRIs, are effective treatments for depression. A psychiatrist can assess whether medication is appropriate for your situation and monitor its effectiveness.
Combined Approach
For moderate to severe depression, a combination of therapy and medication is often most effective.
DVA Support for Depression
If your depression is related to your ADF service, DVA may cover your treatment costs and provide compensation.
Changes from 2025
From 2025, DVA now accepts diagnoses for depression (and anxiety) from treating Clinical Psychologists and General Practitioners with an ongoing treating relationship, in addition to psychiatrists. This change aims to improve access to diagnosis and treatment.
Psychiatric Assessment
For compensation claims, DVA may still request an independent psychiatric assessment. This comprehensive evaluation provides the clinical evidence needed for your claim and ensures all conditions are properly diagnosed.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is depression diagnosed?
Depression is diagnosed through clinical assessment, typically involving a detailed interview about your symptoms, history, and functioning. A psychiatrist uses DSM-5 criteria to make a formal diagnosis.
Can I claim for depression if I also have PTSD?
Yes. Veterans often experience multiple co-occurring conditions. Each condition can be assessed and claimed separately. A comprehensive psychiatric assessment will identify all relevant diagnoses.
Is depression covered by DVA?
If your depression is accepted as related to your service, DVA covers treatment costs. You'll need a diagnosis and evidence connecting your condition to your ADF service.
How long does treatment for depression take?
Treatment duration varies depending on severity and individual response. Many people experience improvement within weeks to months of starting treatment. Some may need longer-term support.
Book with March Ahead
If you require a psychiatric assessment for a depression-related DVA claim, March Ahead provides comprehensive independent assessments with no waitlist.
Related Resources
- Related: PTSD in Australian Veterans
- Related: Anxiety Disorders in Veterans
- Service page: DVA Psychiatric Assessments